放疗干预对宫颈癌荷瘤小鼠的抑瘤作用及对Th1/Th2免疫细胞比例的影响

目的探讨放疗干预对宫颈癌荷瘤小鼠的抑瘤作用及其对辅助性T细胞1(Th1)/Th2细胞比例的影响。方法建立宫颈癌荷瘤小鼠模型,随机分为荷瘤组和放疗组,每组各10只,另设对照组10只。放疗组进行放疗干预14天,荷瘤组和对照组不治疗。放疗后4、6、8、10、12、14天测量肿瘤体积;末次治疗后,ELISA法测定血清干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)、白介素-2(IL-2)、IL-4、IL-10含量;计算抑瘤率、胸腺指数和脾脏指数;HE染色观察肿瘤组织学变化;TUNEL染色观察肿瘤组织细胞凋亡情况;流式细胞术检测脾脏Th1/Th2细胞比例;RT-qPCR和Western blot检测脾脏T盒子转录因子(T-bet)、GATA结合蛋白3(GABA-3)mRNA和蛋白表达。结果与荷瘤组比较,放疗组小鼠4、6、8、10、12、14天肿瘤体积及瘤质量减小,血清IL-2、IFN-γ升高,IL-4、IL-10降低,胸腺指数、脾脏指数升高,Th1细胞比例、Th1/Th2增加,Th2细胞比例减少,T-bet mRNA和蛋白及T-bet/GATA-3表达升高,GATA-3 mRNA和蛋白表达降低(P<0.05)。HE染色显示,荷瘤组肿瘤细胞数量较多,核大深染,无明显坏死;放疗组肿瘤细胞数量减少,出现大量坏死组织。TUNEL染色显示,荷瘤组TUNEL阳性细胞较少,放疗组TUNEL阳性细胞明显增多。结论放疗对宫颈癌荷瘤小鼠具有明显抑瘤作用,可能是通过调节T-bet/GATA-3表达,促进Th1/Th2分化平衡,增强机体免疫功能发挥作用。     

Sex and smoking differences in the association between gastroesophageal reflux and risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in a high-incidence area: Golestan Cohort Study

Prior studies have conflicting findings regarding the association between gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). We examined this relationship in a prospective cohort in a region of high ESCC incidence. Baseline exposure data were collected from 50 045 individuals using in-person interviews at the time of cohort entry. Participants were followed until they developed cancer, died, or were lost to follow up. Participants with GERD symptoms were categorized into any GERD (heartburn or regurgitation), mixed symptoms, or heartburn alone. Multivariable Cox regression was used to assess the relationship between GERD symptom group and histologically confirmed ESCC. The model was adjusted for known risk factors for GERD and ESCC. 49 559 individuals were included in this study, of which 9005 had GERD symptoms. Over 13.0 years of median follow up, 290 individuals were diagnosed with ESCC. We found no association between any GERD and risk of ESCC (aHR 0.90, 95% CI: 0.66-1.24, P = .54). Similar findings were observed for the GERD symptom subtypes. Significant interactions between any GERD and sex (P = .013) as well as tobacco smoking (P = .028) were observed. In post-hoc analyses, GERD was associated with a decreased risk of ESCC in men (aHR 0.51, 95% CI: 0.27-0.98 P = .04) and in smokers (aHR 0.26, 95% CI: 0.08-0.83 P = .02). While there was little evidence for an overall association between GERD symptoms and ESCC risk, significant interactions with sex and smoking were observed. Men and smokers with GERD symptoms had a lower risk of ESCC development.     

糖尿病视网膜病变中视网膜内皮细胞功能障碍的研究进展北大核心

视网膜内皮细胞(REC)是参与糖尿病视网膜病变和许多眼部疾病的主要细胞类型之一。视网膜微血管系统有助于血-视网膜屏障的维持,这对正常的视功能至关重要。REC的改变在视网膜疾病的发生发展中起着关键作用。高血糖是糖尿病微血管损伤的重要原因,通过不同的机制导致REC功能障碍,包括向衰老表型改变、迁移和增殖能力增强、炎性凋亡等,最终导致无细胞毛细血管及病理性新生血管形成。本文对糖尿病视网膜病变中REC的功能障碍作一综述。     

What is the Potential Interplay between Microbiome and Tumor Microenvironment in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinomas?

Oral cancer, with an around 50% mortality rate, is one of the most common malignancies world-wide. It is often detected in advanced or terminal stage and has a poor prognosis, although substantial progress in cancer management. Microbiome has become an increasingly recognized factor that may contribute to the cancerous development. Oral microbiological population comprising more than 700 bacterial species, varies since saliva and different habitats of oral cavity. A shift of composition of oral microbiome from usual condition to functional inflammation to pathological state has been discovered amongst patients with premalignant disorders and oral carcinoma, with evidence suggesting the tumor microenvironment (TME) could strongly exacerbate the influence of oral microorganisms. The complex interactions taking place in either cancer formation or progression have been evaluated in several publications, however given their results’ heterogeneity, a review is needed to correctly untangle the potential correlation in this group of pro-carcinogenesis. In this review, we briefly summarize our current knowledge of the role of oral microbiome, focusing on its potential crosstalk with TME in oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) more precisely, and pave the way for manipulating oral microbiome to deal with OSCC in the future.     

Multiomic analysis reveals conservation of cancer-associated fibroblast phenotypes across species and tissue of origin

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